2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N1353R
    Rhamnocitrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rhamnocitrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rhamnocitrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rhamnocitrin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent that targets STIM-1, NFATc3 and MAPK pathways and can scavenge DPPH (IC50=28.38 mM). Rhamnocitrin selectively inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells and neurons. Rhamnocitrin up-regulates miR-185 to inhibit STIM-1-mediated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), thereby blocking NFATc3 nuclear translocation and downstream inflammatory factor expression, while inducing heme oxygenase HO-1 expression and regulating the ERK/p38 MAPK pathway, inhibiting antioxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6, IL-8) and adhesion molecules (such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1). Rhamnocitrin can be used in the study of endothelial-related inflammatory diseases (such as sepsis, acute lung injury, atherosclerosis) and neuroprotection (such as oxidative damage of PC12 cells).
    Rhamnocitrin (Standard)
  • HY-175007
    RIPK1-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    RIPK1-IN-32 is a RIPK inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. RIPK1-IN-32 inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release with an IC50 of 3.26 μM. RIPK1-IN-32 significantly alleviates acute liver injury associated with sepsis through the RIPK1/NF-κB/MAPK pathway, therefore preventing the nuclear translocation of p65 and c-fos, which results in reduced expression of TNF-α and IL-6. RIPK1-IN-32 can be used for the study of acute liver injury and sepsis.
    RIPK1-IN-32
  • HY-N2420R
    Flavokawain A (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Flavokawain A is a chalcone compound and an orally active inhibitor of PRMT5 and cytochrome P450. Flavokawain A has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Flavokawain A can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Flavokawain A can be used in the research of diseases such as bladder cancer.
    Flavokawain A (Standard)
  • HY-N1965R
    Gaultherin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gaultherin (Standard) is the analytical standard for Gaultherin (HY-N1965). Gaultherin is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Gaultherin selectively inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL) and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL) to exert anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Gaultherin exhibits modest direct antioxidant capacity, greater in cell-based models. Gaultherin does not affect COX-1 so that avoids the common gastrointestinal side effects of Aspirin (HY-14654).
    Gaultherin (Standard)
  • HY-W018643R
    Ferulic acid methyl ester (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ferulic acid methyl ester (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ferulic acid methyl ester (HY-W018643). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders. Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages.
    Ferulic acid methyl ester (Standard)
  • HY-16782R
    Pexmetinib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pexmetinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pexmetinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pexmetinib is a potent Tie-2 and p38 MAPK dual inhibitor, with IC50s of 1 nM, 35 nM and 26 nM for Tie-2, p38α and p38β, respectively, and can be used in the research of acute myeloid leukemia.
    Pexmetinib (Standard)
  • HY-10320R
    Doramapimod (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Doramapimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Doramapimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Doramapimod (BIRB 796) is an orally active, highly potent p38 MAPK inhibitor, which has an IC50 for p38α=38 nM, for p38β=65 nM, for p38γ=200 nM, and for p38δ=520 nM. Doramapimod has picomolar affinity for p38 kinase (Kd=0.1 nM). Doramapimod also inhibits B-Raf with an IC50 of 83 nM.
    Doramapimod (Standard)
  • HY-10404A
    Dilmapimod tosylate
    		Inhibitor
    Dilmapimod tosylate is a potent p38 MAPK inhibitor that potentially suppresses inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Dilmapimod tosylate
  • HY-113402AR
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-Glu-Cys TFA) is an orally active, blood-brain barrier permeable dipeptide. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA activates AMPK, SIRT1, IL-4/STAT6, AC/cAMP/PI3K, IGF-1R/IRS1/PI3K, and Nrf2 signaling pathways; it inhibits NF-κB, JAK1/STAT1/3, MAPKs, cadmium-induced p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA regulates macrophage polarization, modulates the trafficking of CD36 and GLUT4, induces glutathione synthesis, improves metabolic dysfunction, reduces lipid deposition, ameliorates glucose homeostasis, inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), stabilizes mitochondria, suppresses lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and ferroptosis (Ferroptosis), reduces ds-HMGB1 levels, reverses mechanical hyperalgesia, and alleviates hepatic lipid droplet formation. Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA is applicable to research related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, cadmium-induced neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathy, and alcoholic liver disease.
    Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (Standard)
  • HY-112291A
    SB 220025 (tri(hydrochloride))
    		Inhibitor
    SB 220025 trihydrochloride is a reversible, orally active, cell-permeable, ATP-competitive and selective human p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50 = 60 nM). SB 220025 trihydrochloride also inhibits p56Lck and PKC with IC50 values of 3.5 and 2.89 μM, respectively. SB 220025 trihydrochloride inhibits the expression of IL-8 gene in response to globular adiponectin (gAd), reduces inflammatory cytokine production and inhibits angiogenesis. SB 220025 trihydrochloride effectively prevents the progression of arthritis in a chronic inflammatory disease model and can be used in the study of inflammation.
    SB 220025 (tri(hydrochloride))
  • HY-171295
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 7
    		Inhibitor
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 7 (Comp:XXXIX) is the inhibitor for p38α with an IC50 of 5.25 nM. p38 Kinase inhibitor 7 inhibits TNFα production in cell THP-1 with an IC50 of 5.88 nM.
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 7
  • HY-17007R
    Saquinavir (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Saquinavir (Standard) (Ro 31-8959 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Saquinavir (HY-17007). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir (Standard)
  • HY-W097625R
    6-Methoxyflavone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    6-Methoxyflavone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 6-Methoxyflavone (HY-W097625). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 6-Methoxyflavone is an orally active methoxyflavone. 6-Methoxyflavone suppresses neuroinflammation in microglia through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB dependent pathways and the activation of HO-1/NQO-1 signaling. 6-Methoxyflavone induces S-phase arrest through the CCNA2/CDK2/p21CIP1 signaling pathway and activates the PERK/EIF2a/ATF4/CHOP pathway in HeLa cells. 6-Methoxyflavone acts as a Flumazenil (HY-B0009)-insensitive positive allosteric modulator at human recombinant α1β2γ2L and α2β2γ2L GABAα receptors. 6-Methoxyflavone inhibits NFAT Translocation into the nucleus and suppresses T cell activation. 6-Methoxyflavone partially restores chronic ethanol-induced behavioral deficits in mice. 6-Methoxyflavone antagonizes chronic constriction injury and diabetes associated neuropathic nociception expression. 6-Methoxyflavone can be used for the study of cancer, inflammation and neurological diseases.
    6-Methoxyflavone (Standard)
  • HY-10456R
    TAK-715 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    TAK-715 (Standard) is the analytical standard of TAK-715 (HY-10456). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TAK-715 is an orally active and potent p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 7.1 nM, 200 nM for p38α and p38β, respectively. TAK-715 inhibits casein kinase I (CK1δ/ε) to regulate activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. TAK-715 shows good significant efficacy in a rat arthritis model.
    TAK-715 (Standard)
  • HY-N0022R
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside Standard regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside Standard exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
  • HY-N2192R
    Swertianolin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Swertianolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Swertianolin (HY-N2192). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Swertianolin is a xanthone glycoside. Swertianolin can be isolated from plants of the Gentianaceae family (e.g., Gentiana campestris and Swertia punicea). Swertianolin inhibits p38 phosphorylation and NF-κB activation, and reduces NO and ROS production. Swertianolin exhibits anti-Helicobacter pylori activity with an IC50 of 6.1 μM and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 91.7 μM. Swertianolin modulates immune function in sepsis. Swertianolin is useful in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hepatitis B, Helicobacter pylori infection, and sepsis.
    Swertianolin (Standard)
  • HY-124260
    SB-204900
    		Inhibitor
    SB-204900 is an oxane carboxamide that can be isolated from the hexane extract of Clausena lansium. SB-204900 significantly inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. SB-204900 has anti-inflammatory activity.
    SB-204900
  • HY-10406R
    Talmapimod (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Talmapimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Talmapimod (HY-10406). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Talmapimod (SCIO-469) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of p38α MAPK with an IC50 of 9 nM. Talmapimod inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors (such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF) by suppressing the p38α MAPK pathway, and it also inhibits angiogenesis and osteoclast activation. Talmapimod inhibits the growth of multiple myeloma cells and induces apoptosis. Talmapimod can be used to study various hematological malignancies (such as multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome).
    Talmapimod (Standard)
  • HY-N0852R
    Benzoylpaeoniflorin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benzoylpaeoniflorin (Standard) is an analytical standard for Benzoylpaeoniflorin (HY-N0852). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzoylpaeoniflorin is an orally active monoterpene glycoside compound. Benzoylpaeoniflorin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, psoriasis-improving and sepsis-improving effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as TNF/NF-κB and MAPK, as well as regulating immune homeostasis. Benzoylpaeoniflorin can be used in research related to immune, allergic and inflammatory diseases.
    Benzoylpaeoniflorin (Standard)
  • HY-15495B
    (3S)-Tanzisertib hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    (3S)-Tanzisertib (hydrochloride) ((3S)-CC-930 (hydrochloride)) is an orally active JNK inhibitor (IC50 values for JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3 are 61, 7, and 6 nM, respectively). (3S)-Tanzisertib (hydrochloride) selectively inhibits ERK1, p38α, and EGFR (IC50 = 0.48, 3.4, and 0.38 μM, respectively). (3S)-Tanzisertib (hydrochloride) inhibits LPS-induced TNFα production in an acute rat PK-PD model. (3S)-Tanzisertib (hydrochloride) can be used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) research.
    (3S)-Tanzisertib hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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